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Articles |
Top 7 Reasons to Cut Out Dissection
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3eRXvQwCo94
Every year, more than
10 MILLION animals are killed for classroom
dissection even though
modern alternatives exist. Here are the top seven reasons not to
dissect! Read More: http://bit.ly/XDqs8 |
|
Household Product Testing --
Useless? - May 2013 |
|
The Experiment Is on Us: Science of
Animal Testing Thrown Into Doubt - May 2013 |
|
http://licensedtokill.buav.org/ - A BUAV investigation has uncovered
the terrible plight of animals used in research at one of the UK's
leading universities - May 2013 |
|
I Have Chaos Within Me - April
2013 |
|
New Test for Skin Sensitization Without
Using Animals - April 2013 |
|
Is Your Medicine Vegan? Probably Not -
March 2013 |
|
Companies Misleading Consumers
on Animal Testing - 3/13 |
|
Q & A - EU Ban on Animal Tested
Cosmetics - March 2013 |
|
EU Cosmetics Testing Ban Comes Into
Force - March 2013 |
|
Egypt Conference on Alternatives to
Animal Experiments - 3/2013 |
|
Maternal deprivation back at
UW-Madison - March 2013 |
Mice Fall Short as Test Subjects for
Humans' Deadly Ills - 2/13
Mouse model misleading for human
inflammatory diseases |
|
Animal Testing Debate on Youtube
- 2/13 |
|
Animal testing to be banned in
Europe - 02/13 |
|
Experts Tell NIH to Retire Most
Research Chimps, But Not All - 01/13 |
|
Free the Animals - Effective
Action Against Vivisection Conference, Gainesville FL, March 1 - Jan
2013 |
|
(Portugal) 1st International
conference on alternatives - Jan 2013 |
|
Inadequate laws don't - but
research alternatives will - protect animals in labs - January 2013 |
|
Publications on Animal Research - January 2013 |
|
Sick to My Stomach - January 2013 |
|
Group alleges research animals
mistreated at USM - 12/12 |
|
BBC: 'Victoria presents live from an
animal research laboratory...' - December 2012 |
|
A Researcher Found Guilty of
Falsifying Data for 10 Years - 11/12 |
|
The Multi-Billion Dollar Lie:
Animal Experimentation - 11/12 |
|
InterNICHE Studies Database now
offering selected full papers - October 2012 |
|
Candy Maker Mars: How Low Can You
Sink? - October 2012 |
|
Can ARAs, researchers ever find
middle ground? - October 2012 |
|
UK: Leading animal ethicists call
for full disclosure on testing - October 2012 |
|
The drugs don't work: a
modern medical scandal - Sept 2012 |
|
Vets and Physicians Find Research
Parallels [Vivisection Implications] - September 2012 |
|
Scientists Spin Results -
September 2012 |
|
False positives: fraud and misconduct
are threatening scientific research - September 2012 |
|
Measuring Rabbit Pain - September
2012 |
|
(US) The fight to end government testing
on chimps - Aug 2012 |
|
Animal testing is the beauty industry's
well-kept ugly secret - July 2012 |
|
'Organ Chips' Could Replace
Animal Experiments - July 2012 |
|
Vivisection is right, but it is
nasty - July 2012 |
|
'The Costs and Benefits of Animal
Experiments' has received critical acclaim - July 2012 |
|
Animal testing isn't just an
ethical problem - July 2012 |
|
Scientific approach to ending the use
of animals in labs as predictors for humans - July 2012 |
|
Maryland lab ends chimp research
- July 2012 |
|
More Bogus "Scientific" Studies -
June 2012 |
|
Ridiculing Goofy and Dumbo - May
2012 |
|
Monkey's Hellish Life Inside the U of Florida
- May 2012 |
|
Is This Something Mankind Needed to
Know? - May 2012 |
|
UW Scientists Revive Harry
Harlow's Cruel Maternal Deprivation - May 2012 |
|
Two More Monkey Died
Unnecessarily - May 2012 |
|
The U.S. May End Experiments on
Chimpanzees - April 2012 |
|
Science and animal testing - a
minefield of necessity and emotion - April 2012 |
|
NIH Spends Our Money to Torture Animals
for No Good Reason - 4/12 |
|
Cruelty-Free Campaign To End
Cosmetics Testing on Animals - 4/12 |
|
Puzzling over links between monkey
research and human health - April 2012 |
Top Ten Tax-Funded Bizarre
Experiments - April 2012
University of Minnesota makes most ridiculous animal research list |
|
Revisiting an Animal Researcher who
Doesn't Get It - April 2012 |
|
New testimonies of
conscientious objection to animal experiments - April 2012 |
|
Good science versus bad science -
March 2012 |
|
Ricky Gervais launches global
campaign to end cosmetic tests on animals - March 2012 |
|
Harvard Halts Animal Research
After Fourth Primate Death - 3/12 |
|
Cosmetic companies resume animal
testing - March 2012 |
|
Psychology Today: Is Chimpanzee
Research Necessary? No, Say Many Scientists. - Feb 2012 |
|
The University of Florida's Dennis E.
Brooks order's the murder of monkey 44D - Feb 2012 |
|
Again, fur flies over animal testing of
cosmetics - Feb 2012 |
|
Avon, Marky Kay, Estee Lauder
Paying for Tests on Animals - 2/12 |
|
Survey reveals animals killed
in university teaching continuing despite available alternatives -
Feb 2012 |
|
The Two Headed Dog - February 2012 |
|
New human model for cancer
research unveiled - February 2012 |
|
ONPRC "Chimeric" monkey research -
Dark day for animal research says undercover investigator - January
2012 |
|
New academic database for alternatives
in education and training - January 2012 |
|
Can Nanosensors Curb Animal Cruelty?
- Jan 2012 |
|
Cruelty Free Lies of the Cosmetic Industry
- Jan 2012 |
|
Article explores the human
predictivity of animal models - 12/11 |
|
Scientific Reports Says Chimp
Experiments Not Necessary - 12/11 |
|
NIH temporarily bans new chimpanzee
research - Dec 2011 |
|
First Guidelines For Lab Chimps Drawn
Up - Dec 2011 |
|
Assessing the necessity of
chimpanzee experimentation - Dec 2011 |
|
We can balance animal research, animal
rights - Dec 2011 |
|
Parliament row brews over animal
experiments and new EU Directive - Dec 2011 |
|
'They would wince, scream, tremble and
shake': U.S. lab investigated for horrific abuse of test monkeys -
Dec 2011 |
|
Lab animals typically euthanized, not
adopted out - Dec 2011 |
|
(US/tx) AR group complains of injured
monkeys at Alice research supplier - Dec 2011 |
|
Cats Endure Bleeding and Bruising
in University of Virginia Training Program - Dec 2011 |
|
AR group complains of injured monkeys
at Alice research supplier - November 2011 |
|
UTC will no longer use wild
caught baboons for medical research -
November 2011 |
|
'Micro-lungs' could bring an end
to animal testing, say Cardiff University bioscientists -
November 2011 |
|
Cats force-fed Mr. Clean made by
Proctor and Gamble -
November 2011 |
|
Stop wasting tax dollars on chimp abuse -
November 2011 |
|
Review of Australian code of
practice for the care and use of animals for scientific purposes -
November 2011 |
|
Example of Research
Scientist's-Ignorance - November 2011 |
|
(NL) Animal testing losing favour -
Oct 2011 |
|
Eighth World Congress on
Alternatives report (I): Multimedia Exhibition - Oct 2011 |
|
Fellow Challenges Researchers
on Animal Testing - Sept 2011 |
|
ARAs vs Researchers - Sept 2011 |
|
Animal experiments challenged ethically
and scientifically at lab animal science conferences - Sept 2011 |
|
Chimps See Sunlight for first time
- September 2011 |
|
CSU fined over animal-research
violation - Aug 2011 |
|
Cancer Research For 10 Yrs Useless:
Fraud, Says Mayo Clinic - 8/11 |
|
Universal Scientific Research Fraud
- August 2011 |
|
What are the alternatives to animal
testing - are they viable? |
|
Lab-Grown Human Cells Could Replace Animals
For Cosmetics Testing - August 2011 |
Primate Experiments Scrutinised
- 1
- July 2011
Primate
Experiments Scrutinised - 2 |
|
High Cost, Little Benefit of
Primate Research - July 2011 |
|
UK to Stop Testing Household
Products on Animals - July 2011 |
|
BUAV presses for faster action on
animal testing ban - July 2011 |
|
The Four Witches of North Carolina - July
2011 |
|
The Scientific Basis for
Assessing Suffering in Animals - June 2011 |
|
Rescued Research Beagles Get New "Leash"
on Life - June 2011 |
|
Animal Testing: Crucial or Cruel?
- May 2011 |
|
Dissecting Frogs a Thing of the Past
Thanks to Digital - 4/2011 |
Some chimps never recover from stresses
of research - 4/2011
Some
lab chimps left with poor health, shortened lives
As science turns from chimp research,
U.S. wants to restart |
|
Biotech company accused of animal abuse
- April 2011 |
|
Exposed: the British lab carrying
out 'needless' tests on live rabbits - April 2011 |
|
Billboard - Who Should Live? -
4/11 |
|
Addicted to Animal Cruelty -
4/11 |
|
Should animals die so scientists can
pursue possible life saving treatments for people? - 4/11 |
|
Reg Rat Dissection iPad App - 3/11 |
|
American Biological Warfare and Animal
Testing - 2/11 |
HLS using animals to test petrol,
food additives, botox and cosmetic substances - 2/11
Why mice are being gassed so YOU can look
younger - 1/11 |
|
Torturing Animals for Fractured Science
- January 2011 |
|
Double Blind Groundhog Day
Experiment Trial - January 2011 |
|
Animal Testing - Support Brands Not
Tested on Animals |
|
Univ. of Michigan Torturing Cats
and Pigs |
|
Urge the Makers of Lipton Tea to Stop Animal Tests |
|
Japanese Tea Maker Stops Animal Testing |
| "Progress" but No Cures - 12/10 |
| The Chronicle of Higher
Education - Animal Research |
| Southborough's Primate Research
Center issued federal warning |
| UDSA Inspection Team Descends on
UW-Madison - Oct 2010 |
| Animal Testing Past -
Present - Oct 2010 |
| Group files complaint vs.
Southborough animal research lab - 10/10 |
| Lies and Medical Science - Oct
2010 |
| UW animal research merits closer
community scrutiny -10/10 |
| Shocking Evidence of Monkey Suffering
in Mauritius - Oct 2010 |
| Stop the Baby (primate) trade -
Sept 2010 |
| Primate Wars At KU - Sept 2010 |
| Lab Monkey - LTE - Sept 2010 |
Thomas Clarkson, D.V.M. -- sadistic
experimentation - Sept 2010
Researcher Laughs at Monkeys - Sept 2010 |
Life in the Lab: Animal Experimentation
- Sept 2010
Primate Experimentation in the U.S. - powerpoint |
| EU bans great ape testing - 9/10 |
| UW Abandoned Threatened Monkeys -
Sept 2010 |
| Monsters. Now Available Online. -
Sept 2010 |
| Primate Products' Abuse -
Sept 2010 |
| Sick Pictures Leaked from Florida Lab
- Aug 2010 |
| Alternatives to Animal Testing Gaining
Ground - Aug 2010 |
| What's Wrong With Vivisection |
| SHAC Releases Details on Deaths of
Hundreds of Monkeys |
| Death at Primate Center Probed by
Government |
| Humane Teaching |
| The Vivisector's Tale - 7/10 |
| How Science Misleads - 7/10 |
| UW Joins Move From Live Pigs for Med
School - 7/10 |
| NM Chimps May Undergo Testing
in Texas - 7/10 |
| Some say monkey research is
cruel, expensive and useless - 7/10 |
| Frog Dissection Alternatives -
6/10 |
| Primate research ethics
resolution hearing - 6/10 |
| Auntie Viv's Top Ten Ways to Help Animals
- 6/10 |
| Shine light on UW animal research -
6/10 |
| Scientists Find Alternative to Animal
Testing - 6/10 |
| Major Firms Scrap Animal Testing
- 5/10 |
| Mayo Clinic Admits Years Of
Fraudulent Research - 5/10 |
| Is it right to blow up pigs even if it
saves soldiers' lives? - 5/10 |
| Lab mice hurt to assess face
expressions - 5/10 |
| Monkeys Suffered and Died at UW-Madison
- 5/10 |
| MARC Grades Harvard on Primate
Treatment! - 4/10 |
| Is Animal Testing Ever Okay? -
3/10 |
| Testing Debate - Simplified
3/10 |
| UK No Smoking Day - for the Animals
3/10 |
| DA 'reviewing' monkey tests - BostonHerald. com 3/10 |
| Research Monkey Deaths 3/10 |
| Animal Testing: Why it is
morally offensive 3/10 |
| Animal Testing: Cruel or
Necessary? 3/10 |
| How Science Really Works - humor -
1/10 |
| Scientists Make
Breakthrough That Could Stop Animal Testing - 1/10 |
| Honesty and openness in animal
testing debate - 1/10 |
| Testing - The Public's Coments
- 12/09 |
| Rat race in Parkinson's Disease -
12/09 |
| Euthanized Research Project -
12/09 |
| Animal Testing for Cancer - 12/09 |
| Unethical Primate Research at
UW - 12/09 |
| Green calls for animal replacement;
cruel EU proposals - 12/09 |
| Camera - Test Lab - 12/09 |
| EU Primate Controversy - 12/09 |
| To KUMC: URGENT - the biomedical
research at your Univ. - 12/09 |
| P. Michael Conn is a Liar
- November 2009 |
| Marcia Nielsen's Ethical
Enslavement and Torture - November 2009 |
| Pain for Dogs Doubles at Huntingdon Life
Sciences; Overall HLS Experimentation Drops - November 2009 |
| Primate Experimentation in the U.S. -
The National Picture - 11/09 |
| Top Ten Reasons to Protest
Harvard - November 2009 |
| Science Fears AR Movement -
November 2009 |
| Staff maim lab mice with ballpoints -
November 2009 |
| Parkinson's disease tests on
monkeys - the BUAV responds - 11/09 |
| Technology and the end of the lab mouse
- November 2009 |
| Exposing the Supply & Use of Dogs &
Cats in Higher Education -11/09 |
| Re-thinking the human-animal
relationship - September 2009 |
| New Study: Chimps in US Labs Suffer
Trauma - September 2009 |
| 4.5 Million Animals to be Spared in
the EU - September 2009 |
| NAMBLA reminds me of�.Pro-Test -
September 2009 |
| Renal researchers faked data and got
caught - August 2009 |
| Essay on Animal Vivisector
Jentsch - August 2009 |
| Why I Take Animal Tested
Drugs - July 2009 |
| Will the Lab Rat Really Cure Cancer?
- June 2009 |
| Banville's Response to Vivisection
Apologist - June 2009 |
| Jentsch Harms Both Animals and
People - June 2009 |
| The vivisectors are getting
clobbered - again - May 2009 |
| He No Longer Heard the Cries of the
Animals or Saw the Flowing Blood - May 2009 |
| Media Exposure of UCLA Pro-Vivisection
Organizers - April 2009 |
| New EPA Report Recommends Moving
Away from Animal Testing |
| The scientist as high class hooker
and gigolo - March 2009 |
| Pound animals used for research
- March 2009 |
| UC Davis lab monkeys go insane,
says watchdog - March 2009 |
| National Institute of Health is
Misleading Children - February 2009 |
| LTE: Stop Animal Abuse at Yale |
| LTE: 'U' needs to re-evaluate training
policy that harms animals |
| Committee on primate research
criticised for 'blind acceptance' of experiments - January 2009 |
| Clinical Trials: Unfavorable
Results Often Go Unpublished - Jan. 09 |
| Replace Animal Experiments
- by John J. Pippin, cardiologist |
| Stanford Immunologist Calls For
More Research On Humans, Not Mice - December 2008 |
| End Cruel Experiments on Wild-Caught
Bats - December 2008 |
| Anti-Vivisection and Civil Liberties
- December 2008 |
| Why Vivisection Should Stop (2
articles) - December
2008 |
| True Animal Testing Data - December
2008 |
| Animal Testing Is Not Regulated - December
2008 |
| Lab Animal Estimates - December
2008 |
| Time for Full Access to Trial
Protocols and Results - December 2008 |
| Lab animals in the spotlight as
research come under scrutiny - 11/08 |
| Non-animal methodologies within
biomedical research and toxicity testing - September 2008 |
| Making a Killing (.pdf file) |
| Portrait of an Animal Researcher
- September 2008 |
| Beginning of end for Great Ape
Experiments? - September 2008 |
| Pain Experts say non-animal research
could help people - Aug '08 |
| Fallacy of Animal Testing - Aug. '08 |
| No Need to Kill to Learn to
Heal in Vet School - Aug. '08 |
| Chimps used for medical testing
'show signs of torture' - Aug. '08 |
| Doctor's Opinion - Ban Chimpanzee
Research - July 2008 |
| When Horses Romp the Sun Also Shines - by David
Irving, June 2008 |
| The Day of the Bullies - by David
Irving, June 2008 |
| Would drugs be safe for us
without first being tested on animals? |
| 33
Reasons - 33 Reasons Animal Testing is Pointless. |
|
The Monstrosity of
Animal Exploitation - Thomas Paine
|
| EU Animal Experiment Statistics
- 2007 |
| The Pain of Animal Experimentation
- June 2008 |
| Animal Testing Labels - June
2008 |
| Testing on Rats - April 2008 |
| Monkeys Writing Scientific Papers
- April 2008 |
| Animal Experiments Scrutinized
- March 2008 |
| 10 Things Animal Exploiters Do
Not Want You to Know - March 2008 |
| Animal Testing Alternatives - Links
to Sources - March 2008 |
| Animal Testing: Why it is morally
offensive - March 2008 |
| Animal Testing is Cruel - LTE,
Feb 08 |
| Three U.S. agencies aim to end
animal testing - Feb 08 |
|
http://www.bestcyrano.org/THOMASPAINE/?p=584 - Feb 08, by Suki
Falconberg. On the various ways in which rats are exploited and tortured
and how she has acted to mitigate their suffering. |
| Monkey Boiled Alive in Everett, Wa
Research Lab - Feb 08 |
| Lab Rats, Science, and the Monsters
We've All Become - Jan 08 |
|
http://www.the- scientist. com/blog/ display/54099/
- Jan 08. Drug companies should stop using a classic toxicity test, lethal dose 50 (LD50), to inform clinical trials,
according to authors in an upcoming journal of Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology report. |
| BUAV brands food testing on
animals a 'hidden scandal' - Jan 08 |
| Website on Non-Animal Methods of
Toxicity Testing - Dec 07 |
| Experimenting on Chimpanzees - History |
| Top 10 Bizarre Experiments |
| Cancer studies 'wasted millions'
- November 2007 |
| Wasteful Testing - November 2007 |
| Cancer Research - A Super Fraud?
- November 2007 |
| Do Animal Experiments Predict Human
Responses? - October 2007 |
| Professor: test more drugs on humans
- October 2007 |
| Flaws In Animal Testing -
September 2007 |
| Scientific Fraud - September 2007 |
| Scientists' Blinders Cost Human and
Animal Lives |
| Holding Scientists
Accountable |
| Search engine for alternative methods
to animal experiments - September 2007 |
| Judicial Review shines light on
Government negligence over animal 'protection' laws - UK, July 2007 |
| Mice Blind Reality - July 2007 |
| 14th Congress on Alternatives to
Animal Testing - July 2007 |
| Human skin to replace animal
tests - July 2007 |
| What's wrong with animal experiments?
- June 2007 |
| How the FDA is Becoming a Drug Company
- June 2007 |
| Testing Chemicals on Animals
Too Costly: Report - June 2007 |
| Bad Science - an example |
| Review of Animal
Experimentation |
| Laboratory Animal Use Figures for US,
EU, UK - May 2007 |
| Three Million Animals in Britain's Labs
- April 2007 |
| Cruelty Free Research - April
2007 |
| Monkey Horror - April 2007 |
| Professor Stops Animal Testing
- April 2007 |
| Macaques May Have Plenty to Say About
Us - April 2007 |
| Confirmed: Your Daughter Is Merck's
Guinea Pig - March 2007 |
| Jane Goodall Condemns Animal
Testing - March 2007 |
| Review raises questions about drug
studies on rats - Dec. 2006 |
| Weatherall Report on Primate Research
a Charade - Dec. 2006 |
| Science critical of animal
testing - Dec. 2006 |
| Mad Science Awards - Nov. 2006.
Special diplomas to researchers across the UK involved in "grotesque and
pointless" research on animals. |
| Why Do Pharmaceutical Drugs Injure and
Kill? - October 2006 |
| A Chimpanzee's Life - 52 years in a
lab |
| Routine Agony in Labs - The Routine Agony of Neglected Animals in Laboratories |
| Animal Research
Transparency - Transparency and Animal Research Regulation: An
Australian Case Study |
| CAAT Leading the Way - to
alternative testing |
| Factory Farming Monkeys -
October 2006. Video. |
| Research to Cut Animal Testing
-- October 2006 |
| Sharon Howe - Animal Testing --
July 2006. It's both cruel and unnecessary. |
| Does Testing Work?
-- June 2006. The problems with animal testing. |
| Real HLS
--The real 'life-saving' research going inside of HLS. |
| Exploiters
-- Two companies who unnecessarily exploit animals. |
| Pro-Test Debate
-- May 2006. Why Pro-Test Can't Win a Fair Debate. |
| AVMA Priorities
-- May 3, 2006. American Veterinary Medical Association
asked to prioritize what is more important: Animal
welfare or money? |
Coma From
Drugs -- March 2006. Nothing Unusual About Animal Tests.
2 Men Remain in Coma From British Drugs.
6SickAfterDrugTrials -- March 2006. Six taken ill after drug trials.
Drug Not Tested
-- March 2006. Drug Firm "Had Not Tested on Humans Before". |
| 50 Consequences
-- Harms to Humans from Animal Experimentation, 50 Deadly Consequences. |
| Whistle-blowing -- March 2006. The current system
fails to address one critical flaw. |
| Question Research
-- Research should be questioned, by Ritchie Laymon |
| Testing
- Letters - Jan. 2006. Letters to the Editor. Sacrificing Animals to Benefit Humans. |
| Testing '06 -- January
2006. While the debate rages on, lab rats are still
suffering.
THE GREEN GODDESS. |
| Software 4
Tests -- January 2006. Computer software can cut drug tests on animals. |
| Anim Tests Don't
Work -- Dec 2005. Scientist: Animal tests don't work. |
| Redundant Tests -- Nov 2005. Primate
research centers -- including UW's -- accused of conducting redundant
research. |
| EU & testing -- Nov 2005. EU, industries want to end animal testing. |
| Tests Harm Man -- Oct 2005. Wasted Money
Harms Science and Mankind. |
| Animal Tests False -- Oct 2005.
Animal tests yield misleading results. |
| Human Guinea Pigs -- Dec. 2005.
Could animal testing become redundant? Scientists believe technology has answer. |
| Beyond Testing -- Sept 2005.
Beyond Animal Research, by Jonathan Balcombe, Ph.D. |
| Animal Welfare -- Oct 2005.
What Does Animal Welfare Really Mean?
by Robert Bass, Ph.D.
|
| Price of Experiments
--
Aug 2005.
The High Price of Animal Experimentation
by Robert Bass, Ph.D.
|
| CU Hiding Tests -- A
Hidden World Working behind a self-imposed, legally debatable cloak of secrecy,
CU's Health Sciences Center withholds from the public virtually all information
about its animal-research programs. |
| Lab Life -- Aug 10, 2005. Science:
Life in the Lab Can Be Cruel, by Francesca Colombo. |
| Anim Test Myths
-- April 2005. It's a myth that animal testing leads to human cures. |
| Laws not Enforced --
February 2005. Secret documents reveal that laws to protect lab
animals are not being enforced. |
|
Monkey Terror --
Lab monkeys 'scream with fear' in tests, by
Sandra Laville. |
| New Scientist --
Dying so we might live.
Protesters are up in arms over experiments that give
chimps AIDS. |
| PrimateResearch.com
-- The National Primate Research Exhibition Hall. |
| Scien Amer --
Trends in Animal Research. Article in Scientific American. |
| Vioxx Lessons --
Lesson of Vioxx: Animal tests aren't enough by John J.
Pippin,
Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine. |
| Misled on COX-2 -- Animal Experiments Misled Scientists on
COX-2 Drugs. |
| New Findings --
New findings about animal experiments. |
| Scientists on
Testing -- Aug 8, 2005. Medical Journal: Animal tests in birth defects. |
| Billions on Research
-- Annual US tax-dollars spent. |
| Xenografts --
Xenografts and Animal Rights
by Gary L. Francione. |
| Shrew
vomit -- vomiting ferrets and vomiting shrews -- a
scientific debate |
