33 Reasons 4 No Testing

33 Reasons Animal Testing is Pointless

(1) Less than 2% of human illnesses (1.16%) are ever seen in animals.

(2) According to the former scientific executive of Huntingdon Life Sciences, animal tests and human results agree only '5%-25% of the time'.

(3) 95% of drugs passed by animal tests are immediately discarded as useless or dangerous to humans.

(4) At least 50 drugs on the market cause cancer in laboratory animals. They are allowed because it is admitted the animal tests are not relevant.

(5) Procter & Gamble used an artificial musk despite it failing the animal tests, i.e., causing tumours in mice. They said the animal test results were 'of little relevance for humans'.

(6) When asked if they agreed that animal experiments can be misleading 'because of anatomical and physiological differences between animals and humans', 88% of doctors agreed.

(7) Rats are only 37% effective in identifying what causes cancer to humans. Flipping a coin would be more accurate.

(8) Rodents are the animals almost always used in cancer research. They never get carcinomas, the human form of cancer, which affects membranes (e.g lung cancer). Their sarcomas affect bone and connecting tissue: the two cannot be compared.

(9) Up to 90% of animal test results are discarded as they are inapplicable to man.

(10) The results from animal experiments can be altered by factors such as diet and bedding. Bedding has been identified as giving cancer rates of over 90% and almost nil in the same strain of mice at different locations.

(11) Sex differences among laboratory animals can cause contradictory results. This does not correspond with humans.
(12) 9% of anaesthetized animals, intended to recover, die.

(13) An estimated 83% of substances are metabolised by rats in a different way to humans.

(14) Attempts to sue the manufacturers of the drug Surgam failed due to the testimony of medical experts that: 'data from animals could not be extrapolated safely to patients'.

(15) Lemon juice is a deadly poison, but arsenic, hemlock and botulin are safe according to animal tests.

(16) Genetically modified animals are not models for human illness. The mdx mouse is supposed to represent muscular dystrophy, but the muscles regenerate without treatment.

(17) 88% of stillbirths are caused by drugs which are passed as being safe in animal tests, according to a study in Germany.

(18) 61% of birth defects are caused by drugs passed safe in animal tests, according to the same study. Defect rates are 200 times post war levels.

(19) One in six patients in hospital are there because of a treatment they have taken.

(20) In America, 100,000 deaths a year are attributed to medical treatment. In one year 1.5 million people were hospitalised by medical treatment.

(21) A World Health Organisation study showed children were 14 times more likely to develop measles if they had been vaccinated.

(22) 40% of patients suffer side effects as a result of prescription treatment.

(23) Over 200,000 medicines have been released, most of which are now withdrawn. According to the World Health Organisation, only 240 are 'essential'.

(24) A German doctors' congress concluded that 6% of fatal illnesses and 25% of organic illness are caused by medicines. All have been animal tested.

(25) The lifesaving operation for ectopic pregnancies was delayed 40 years due to vivisection.

(26) According to the Royal Commission into vivisection (1912), 'The discovery of anesthetics owes nothing to experiments on animals'. The great Dr Hadwen noted that 'had animal experiments been relied upon...humanity would have been robbed of this great blessing of anesthesia'. The vivisector Halsey described the discovery of Fluroxene as 'one of the most dramatic examples of misleading evidence from animal data'.

(27) Aspirin fails animal tests, as does digitalis (a heart drug), cancer treatments, insulin (causes animal birth defects), penicillin and other safe medicines. They would have been banned if vivisection were heeded.

(28) In the court case when the manufacturers of Thalidomide were being tried, they were acquitted after numerous experts agreed that animal tests could not be relied on for human medicine.

(29) Blood transfusions were delayed 200 years by animal studies, corneal transplants were delayed 90 years.

(30) Despite many Nobel prizes being awarded to vivisectors, only 45% agree that animal experiments are crucial.

(31) At least 450 methods exist with which we can replace animal experiments.

(32) At least thirty-three animals die in laboratories each second worldwide; in the UK, one every four seconds.

(33) The Director of Research Defence Society, (which exists to defend vivisection) was asked if medical progress could have been achieved without animal use. His written reply was 'I am sure it could be'.

References

1) Page, Dr T, "Vivisection Unveiled", John Carpenter, 1997, p6

2) 'Animal Toxicity Studies:Their relevance to man Lumley & Walker (ed) pp57-67, Quay, 1989

3) Clemedson C, McFarlane-Abdulla E, Andersson M, et al. MEIC Evaluation of Acute Systemic Toxicity. ATLA 1996;24:273-311, http://www.pcrm.org/resch/anexp/in_vitro_tests.html

4) Nature Biotechnology 1998; 16:1294

5) Heart disease: Gross, D, Animal Models in Cardiovascular Research, Martinus Nijhoff Pub 1985. Smoking: New York Times, December 6 1993

6) GP survey (2004) commissioned by patient safety group Europeans for Medical Progress (www.safermedicines.net)

7) F J Di Carlo, Drug Metabolism reviews15, p409-13

8) R Peto, World Medicine Vol 79, 1979

9) D.Spani, M. Arras, B. Konig and T. Rulicke, 'Higher heart rate of laboratory mice housed individually vs in pairs', Laboratory Animal Welfare, Vol. 37, No. 1, Jan 2003, Science Magazine www.sciencemag.org Volume 298, Number 5602, Issue of 20 Dec 2002, p. 2321

10) EJ Calabrese, 'Toxic Susceptability: Male/female differences, quoted in Page "Viv Unv.", p41

11) AP Fletcher in Proc R Soc med, 1978;71, 693

12) Clin Pharmacol Ther 1962; pp665-672

13) Current Opinions in Lipidology, BMJ 2005;330:212

14) Fletcher, AP et al, 1976 Stroke, vol 7, pp135-142

15) Collins,PS. Wilson,JM. 1992. Nature. vol 358. p708 9) Barinaga,M. 1992. Science. vol 257. p1047. Snouwaert,J N. Brigham,KK et al. 1992. Science. vol 257. pp1083-1088. Snouwaert,J N. Brigham,KK et al. 1992. Science. vol 257. pp1083-1088

16) Journal of the American Medical Association 14/4/98

17) Journal of the American Medical Association 14/4/98

18) Nature Medicine 2000; 6:502-503

19) Earl Baldwin of Bewdley, Lords Hansard report 2/12/98

20) Professor Hoff, Congress of clinical medicine, Wiesbaden, 1976

21) Munchner Medizinische Wochenschrift, no 34 1969 quoted in Hans Reusch "Slaughter of the Innocent", p365

22) Munchner Medizinische Wochenschrift, no 34 1969 quoted in Hans Reusch "Slaughter of the Innocent", p365

23) Developmental Toxicology: Mechanisms and Risk JA McLachlan, RM Pratt, C L Markert (Eds) 1987 p313

24) Biogenic Amines (Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 97�145 (2005)

25) Lewis, R. J., Sr. (1989). Sax�s Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 7th edn. John Wiley, New York. Turbow, M. M., Clark, W. H. and Dipaolo, J. A. (1971). Embryonic abnormalities in hamsters following intrauterine injection of 6-aminonicotinamide, Teratology 4 (4), 427�431 Beall, J. R. and Klein,M. F. (1977). Enhancement of aspirin-induced teratogenicity by food restriction in rats, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 39, 489�495. Klein, K. L., Scott, W. J. and Wilson, J. G. (1981). Aspirin-induced teratogenesis: a unique pattern of cell death and subsequent polydactyly in the rat, J. Exper. Zool. 216, 107�112. Slone, D., Siskind, V., Heinonen, O. P., Monson, R. R., Kaufman, D. W. and Shapiro, S. (1976). Aspirin and congenital malformations, Lancet 1, 1373�1375. Werler, M. M., Mitchell, A. A. and Shapiro, S. (1989). The relation of aspirin use during the first trimester of pregnancy to congenital cardiac defects, New Engl. J. Med. 321, 1639�1642. Wilson, J. G. (1977). Current status of teratology. General principles and mechanisms derived from animal studies, in: Handbook of Teratology, pp. 1�47. Plenum Press, New York.

26) Birmingham Daily Post, 4/10/1892

27) Dr Hadwen 'The difficulties of Deguerre, p357, & General Anaesthesia, Gray/Utting/Nunn, p152

28) Aspirin & Insulin Hans Reush, "Slaughter..", p364:Cancer, NAVS Campaigner 1988 Jab/Feb):Digitalis, Page "Viv. Unv." p9 Penicillin , Mark Matfield, r2, Brian Hayes Show,19/4/94

29) K. Walker, The Story of Medicine, Hutchinson, 1954. R. McGrew, Encyclopedia of Medical History, MacMillan Press, 1985. A. Gastiglioni, A History of Medicine, (1947 edition translated by E.B. Krumbhaer) Ryerson Press, 1941

30) Paul, JR, 1971 'A History of Poliomyelitis'. Yale University Press, p385

31) Spinal cord: Journal of the American Paralegic Society11;23-25, 1988
Stroke: Nature Medicine 2002; 8 (1):5 Future of neuroprotective drugs in doubt, also Stroke 1990 21: 1-3.
HIV: Poignard P, Sabbe R, Picchio GR, et al. (April 1999). "Neutralizing antibodies have limited effects on the control of established HIV-1 infection in vivo". Immunity 10 (4): 431�8. doi:10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80043-6. ISSN 1074-7613. PMID 10229186.
Berman PW, Gregory TJ, Riddle L, et al. (June 1990). "Protection of chimpanzees from infection by HIV-1 after vaccination with recombinant glycoprotein gp120 but not gp160". Nature 345 (6276): 622�5. doi:10.1038/345622a0. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 2190095.
Connor RI, Korber BT, Graham BS, et al. (February 1998). "Immunological and virological analyses of persons infected by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 while participating in trials of recombinant gp120 subunit vaccines". Journal of virology 72 (2): 1552�76. ISSN 0022-538X. PMID 9445059. PMC 124637. http://jvi.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9445059.
Morgan C, Marthas M, Miller C, et al. (August 2008). "The use of nonhuman primate models in HIV vaccine development". PLoS Med. 5 (8): e173. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050173. ISSN 1549-1277. PMID 18700814. PMC 2504486. http://medicine.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.0050173.

32) Research Defense Society Website, 1998

33) Written reply to enquiry by member of the public quoted in "Viv. Unv.", p101